how often do praying mantis molt

how often do praying mantis molt

 

Have You Ever Found a Perfect, Empty Shell Clinging to Your Garden Twig?

It looks like a ghost. A translucent, perfectly formed replica of a praying mantis, still gripping a branch as if waiting for a meal that will never come. If you've spent any time in a garden during the summer, you've likely stumbled upon these eerie remnants and wondered what happened. The mantis didn't die there—it emerged, leaving its old skin behind like a worn-out suit. This process, called molting, is the secret to how these incredible insects grow. But it raises an immediate question: how often do praying mantis molt?

The answer isn't a simple number. It's a journey through the mantis's life, divided into stages called instars, each marked by the shedding of its too-tight exoskeleton. Whether you're a gardener hoping to spot these signs in your backyard or a mantis owner watching your pet grow, understanding the molting frequency is key to appreciating these fascinating predators. Let's uncover the timeline of a mantis's life, one molt at a time.

The Short Answer: 5 to 10 Times in a Lifetime

If you're looking for a quick answer to how often do praying mantis molt, here it is: praying mantises typically molt between five and ten times over their entire life cycle . This range exists because the exact number depends on several factors, including the species of mantis, the sex of the individual, and environmental conditions like temperature and food availability .

Unlike mammals with internal skeletons that grow continuously, insects like mantises have an exoskeleton—a hard outer shell that simply cannot expand . To get bigger, they must periodically break out of this old shell and inflate a new, larger one before it hardens . Each time they do this, they advance to the next stage of life, known as an "instar" .

The Instar System: Tracking Growth by Numbers

Mantis keepers and entomologists use a simple system to track a mantis's age and progress. When a mantis first hatches from its egg case (ootheca), it's called an L1 nymph . After its first molt, it becomes L2. After the second molt, L3, and so on until it reaches adulthood .

So, how often do praying mantis molt in terms of these stages? A mantis will progress from L1 through to anywhere between L6 and L10, depending on the species . For example, the popular Ghost Mantis (Phyllocrania paradoxica) has a known difference between sexes: females typically go through 8 molts to reach adulthood (making them L9 adults), while males only need 6 molts (L7 adults) .

Life Stage	Number of Molts Completed
L1 (Newly hatched)	0
L2	1
L3	2
L4	3
L5	4
Adult (Final instar)	Total molts vary by species/sex

Sex Matters: Females Often Molt More

One of the most interesting factors influencing molt frequency is the sex of the mantis. In many species, females will have one or two more molts than males . This is why female mantises are almost always larger than their male counterparts. Each additional molt gives them a chance to grow bigger and stronger, which is essential for producing and carrying hundreds of eggs .

This difference means that if you're raising mantises, you might notice some of your nymphs reaching adulthood and developing wings while others continue to molt and grow for a few more weeks .

The Timing: How Long Between Molts?

Beyond asking how often do praying mantis molt in total, it's helpful to know the timing between each shed. The interval between molts is not consistent throughout a mantis's life.

Young nymphs grow quickly. The first molt can happen in as little as 7 days after hatching . As the mantis gets older, the time between molts lengthens. Generally, you can expect a mantis to take 9 to 15 days between molts, depending heavily on temperature and humidity . Warmer temperatures speed up their metabolism and growth rate, leading to more frequent molts, while cooler temperatures slow everything down.

Life Stage	Typical Time Between Molts
Early nymph (L1-L3)	7-10 days
Mid-stage nymph (L4-L6)	10-14 days
Late-stage nymph (L7-adult)	14-21 days or longer

According to Raising Mantis, "The time between molts depends on temperature, humidity, and food availability. Warmer temperatures will speed up metabolism, and as a result speed up growth, which results in more frequent molts" .

The Molting Process Itself: A Vulnerable Hour

When a mantis is ready to molt, it becomes a fascinating and vulnerable creature to observe. For about 2-3 days beforehand, it will refuse food and hang very still . It may look pale, ashy, or discolored, and its abdomen might appear swollen from absorbing water to help split the old skin .

The actual shedding event is relatively quick. The mantis hangs upside down—a position crucial for gravity to help it escape the old exoskeleton . The entire process of pulling free usually takes about 20 minutes . However, the final molt to adulthood takes a little longer because the mantis also needs to slowly inflate and dry its newly emerged wings .

After escaping, the mantis is extremely soft, pale, and vulnerable. It will hang upside down for 24 hours (or up to several days for adults) while its new exoskeleton hardens and darkens . During this time, it cannot be handled or fed, as its body is too soft and easily damaged.

Here's what happens during a typical molt, based on expert observations :

1. Pre-molt (2-3 days): Mantis stops eating, hangs upside down, may look pale or swollen .
2. Splitting (minutes): The old exoskeleton splits behind the head .
3. Emergence (20 minutes): The mantis slowly pulls itself out of the old skin .
4. Drying (24-48 hours): The new exoskeleton hardens and darkens; mantis is extremely vulnerable .
5. Post-molt: Mantis is larger, with a fresh, vibrant appearance, and will resume eating once fully hardened .

Why Molting Fails: The Dreaded Mismolt

Molting is the most dangerous time in a mantis's life. When something goes wrong, it's called a mismolt . This can happen if the mantis doesn't have enough space to hang properly, if the humidity is too low (causing the old skin to stick), or if it's disturbed during the process .

Common causes of mismolts include:

• Low humidity: The old exoskeleton becomes too dry and sticks to the new one .
• Insufficient space: The mantis needs room to hang freely without touching walls or objects .
• Disturbance: Handling or vibrations during molting can cause fatal errors .
• Weakness or illness: Malnourished mantises may lack the strength to complete the molt .
• Injury: Previous damage can prevent successful shedding .

A mismolt can result in bent limbs, twisted abdomens, or deformed wings, and it often leads to death . If you ever find a mantis stuck in its old skin, you can gently try to help by moistening the affected area with a wet cotton swab to soften the old exuvia, but extreme care is needed not to tear the new soft body underneath .

Life After the Final Molt

Once a mantis completes its final molt, it is an adult, complete with wings (in most species) and functional reproductive organs . This final stage is bittersweet because it signals the beginning of the end. Adult mantises live only a few weeks to a few months . Larger species might live 4-6 months as adults, while smaller species may live only 4-8 weeks . During this time, their sole focus is on mating and, for females, laying eggs to start the next generation.

The number of molts determines the final size of the mantis. Females, with their additional molts, grow significantly larger than males. After the final molt, mantises no longer grow—they have reached their maximum size .

Species-Specific Molting Data

Different mantis species have different molting requirements. Here's how some common species compare:

Species	Typical Number of Molts
Ghost Mantis (Phyllocrania paradoxica)	Females: 8 molts; Males: 6 molts
Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis)	7-9 molts typically
European Mantis (Mantis religiosa)	6-8 molts
Orchid Mantis (Hymenopus coronatus)	6-8 molts, depending on sex

How You Can Observe This Miracle

Witnessing a mantis molt is one of the most rewarding experiences in nature. Whether you're observing wild mantises in your garden or raising them at home, understanding their molting cycle deepens your connection to these predators.

If you want to increase your chances of seeing mantises in your garden, you can introduce them by purchasing egg cases. Think of these as nature's free samples of biological pest control—a starter kit for a healthier garden ecosystem. By placing these cases in your garden, you're ensuring a generation of tiny nymphs will hatch in the spring and begin their journey through those 5-10 molts . These nymphs act like free samples of natural pest control, immediately beginning to hunt small pests like aphids as they grow through each instar.

Conclusion: A Lifetime of Transformation

So, how often do praying mantis molt? Between five and ten times, with the exact number depending on its species and sex. Each molt is a milestone, marking its progression from a tiny, vulnerable nymph to a winged adult predator. The empty shells you find in your garden are not signs of death, but trophies of survival—evidence that another mantis has successfully navigated the most dangerous process of its life to grow a little bigger.

The next time you spot one of these translucent ghosts clinging to a branch, take a moment to appreciate the incredible transformation it represents. And if you're lucky enough to watch a mantis in the act of molting, you'll witness one of nature's most vulnerable and awe-inspiring performances.